IP addresses

                          IP addresses

An IP address is 32-bit decimal number that is normally written as four number b/w 1 and 255(8 bits or 1 bytes, each), each separated from the other by decimal points. This standard is known as the dotted-decimal notation.

An example

IP address is 202.34.12.23

Ø 202 represent the 1^st 8bits.

Ø 34   represent the 2^nd 8bits.

Ø 12   represent the 3^rd 8 bits.

Ø 23   represent the 4^th 8bits.

                           IP address class

Classs             Range

    A  =   0.0.0.0 to 126.0.0.0                                                     B  =   128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
    C =    192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255                                     D  =   224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255

    E =    240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255

IN Class A first 8bits for network id and last 24bits for host id.

In Class B first 16bits for network id last 16bits for host id.

IN Class C first 24bits for network id last 8bits for host id.

In Class D 32bits are for multicast group id.

In Class E not in use (reserved for future use).

Note:-

The lowest IP address is 0.0.0.0 and the highest IP address is 255.255.255.255.

       The value of  0 and -1(all 1s) have special meanings.

The value of 0 is network or Host. The value of -1 is  for broadcast address .(mean all hosts indicate the network).

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Host

      

0.0.0…………………………..0.0.0.0.

HOST

Host on this network.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1  1

Bordcast on the local Network.

NETWORK

111111111……………………..1111111

Broadcast on Distant Network.

127

ANYTHING

LOOPBACK

If the both source and destination IP address point to same system.(the most common used loopback is address is 127.0.0.1).